Planomy guides

Retirement & tax planning, explained

Deep, plain-English guides to the decisions that shape a US retirement: how much you can safely withdraw, how to fill low-tax years with Roth conversions, where each dollar should live while you save, and which accounts to spend first. Written to be bookmarked — the strategy behind Planomy's free calculators.

Start here: choosing a planning tool

Most people arrive here still deciding what to use, not what to think — so these come first. Head-to-head comparisons and category guides, each with a section on who Planomy is not for. We describe how products differ structurally — account required or not, subscription or not, cloud or on-device, projection engine or balance dashboard — and never quote a competitor's prices or feature list, because those change and a stale number would mislead you. If you already know which tool you want, skip to Can I retire yet? below.

Best Retirement Planning Software in 2026

The four questions that actually decide it, the five shapes of tool in this category, what each is genuinely best at, and where Planomy fits — including where it doesn't.

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Free Retirement Planner With No Sign-Up

Why the sign-up wall exists, what "no account" means mechanically, and exactly what changes between signed out, a free account and Plus. The planning column does not change.

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Planomy vs Boldin (formerly NewRetirement)

Two serious US planners with different shapes: cloud account versus on-device, subscription versus free planner, and the option of human help.

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Planomy vs ProjectionLab

The two closest products in the category. What they share, and the three axes — business model, account requirement, where the plan lives — that settle it.

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Planomy vs Empower Personal Dashboard

A dashboard describes today; a planner projects the future. Why these two are not substitutes, and what "free tools from a wealth manager" actually means.

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Retirement Spreadsheet vs Planning Software

What a spreadsheet is genuinely better at, the exact machinery you have to build yourself, and the failure mode nobody warns you about — the single average-return cell.

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A Retirement Planner That Works Offline

Why a cloud planner without a connection is a login screen, the three properties that make a planner work offline, and an honest list of what still needs the network.

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Can I retire yet?

Nine ways into the same question. Start with the general method, then jump to the age or the balance you are actually asking about — every one ends in a number you can check.

How Much Do You Need to Retire?

The 25× rule that turns spending into a portfolio target, how Social Security and pensions shrink the number, and why inflation and taxes reshape what "enough" means.

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How Much Do I Need?

Turn annual retirement spending, a withdrawal rate, and Social Security or pension income into a quick portfolio target.

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When Can I Retire?

Project the age and year your savings may reach your FI number, see the milestones along the way, and compare a lower real return.

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How Much Do You Need to Retire at 55?

A 40-year horizon, a decade of your own health insurance, and twelve years before Social Security — worked end to end to a real number.

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Can I Retire at 62?

What claiming at 62 costs in dollars, the portfolio the rest of your spending needs, the Medicare gap, and why retiring and claiming are two decisions.

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Can I Retire on $500,000?

What half a million actually pays, worked examples for a single retiree and a couple, the small tax bill, and the spending level where it stops working.

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Is $1 Million Enough to Retire?

What a million funds at each retirement age, why a traditional balance is worth less than the number on the statement, and where the plan breaks.

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How Much Does a Couple Need to Retire?

Two benefits, a longer joint horizon, and the survivor scenario where income falls 35% while spending falls 25% — the arithmetic of retiring together.

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How Long Will My Retirement Savings Last?

The depletion formula worked step by step, a full table by withdrawal and real return, and the four things the formula quietly leaves out.

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Making the money last

How much you can safely spend, the risk that decides whether a plan survives its first decade, and the two structural choices — withdrawal order and a paid-off house — that quietly add years to a portfolio.

What Is a Safe Withdrawal Rate?

Where the 4% rule came from, why the modern debate lives between 3.5% and 4.5%, and how sequence-of-returns risk and taxes change what "safe" really means.

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Sequence of Returns Risk, Explained

Why the order of returns — not just the average — can make or break a retirement, why the first decade is the danger zone, and how bond tents, cash buffers, and guardrails defend against it.

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The Bucket Strategy for Retirement Income

How the three-bucket approach — cash, bonds, stocks — defends against sequence risk, how it compares to systematic withdrawals, and the trade-offs to weigh before using it.

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Which Accounts to Draw Down First

The conventional taxable → traditional → Roth order, and the real-world reasons to break it: bracket filling, the 0% capital-gains rate, gap-year conversions, RMDs, and IRMAA.

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Should I Pay Off My Mortgage Before Retiring?

The present-value test that settles the rate-versus-return argument, and the tax spike that decides it when the money has to come from an IRA.

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How Much Is a 6-Month Emergency Fund?

Six months of essential expenses, not six months of income. $4,000 a month of essentials means $24,000. Tables for 3, 6, 8 and 12 months, and how long it takes to get there.

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Social Security and other guaranteed income

The income that keeps arriving whatever markets do — when to claim it, how much of it the IRS takes, and how to judge a pension offer against a cheque.

When Should You Take Social Security?

What each age from 62 to 70 pays, break-even worked in dollars, and why the survivor benefit settles the question for most couples.

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How Social Security Benefits Are Taxed

Provisional income explained: the 50% and 85% thresholds that decide how much of your benefit is taxed, worked examples, and a plain-English state-tax overview.

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Pension Lump Sum or Monthly Payment?

Turn the offer into a payout rate, test it against a 4% withdrawal, then price what the rate hides: no inflation increases, survivor options, and sponsor risk.

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How Much Does a $500,000 Annuity Pay Per Month?

About $3,300 a month over 20 years at a 5% return. The full payout table from $50,000 to $2 million, by term, rate and the age you start.

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Accounts, contributions and conversions

Where each dollar should live while you save, how it is taxed when it comes out, and the conversion moves that shrink a lifetime tax bill.

401(k) vs IRA vs Roth vs HSA

2026 contribution limits, how each account is taxed — now, later, or never — and a clear priority order for where each dollar should go: match first, HSA next, then the rest.

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HSA Contribution Limits and Rules (2026)

The 2026 limits, why the employer's contribution eats your own room, the last-month rule and its testing period, the 20% non-qualified withdrawal tax, and the Medicare lookback.

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How to Calculate Your 401(k) Employer Match

What "50% of the first 6%" pays on your own salary, the four formulas that cover most plans, the per-paycheck timing trap that quietly ends the match early, and how vesting works.

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Roth vs Traditional 401(k): How to Choose

The one difference that matters — when you pay the tax — the bracket rule of thumb, why the employer match is always pre-tax, and why splitting your contributions is often the smart hedge.

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The Backdoor Roth IRA, Step by Step

Earn too much for a Roth? Contribute to a traditional IRA and convert. The two moves, the pro-rata rule that trips people up, Form 8606, and worked dollar examples.

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The Roth Conversion Ladder, Explained

How to move money from a traditional IRA to Roth a bracket at a time, the five-year rule that governs it, and why the gap years before RMDs are the golden window — with a worked example.

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401(k) Rollover Options When You Leave

Leave it, roll to an IRA, move to a new 401(k), or cash out — the four choices when changing jobs, plus the direct-vs-indirect and cash-out tax traps that cost thousands.

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How 401(k) Withdrawals Are Taxed (2026)

Ordinary-income treatment, the 10% early-withdrawal penalty and every exception that erases it — the rule of 55, SEPP payments, the 457(b) loophole — plus the 20% withholding trap.

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How Capital Gains Tax Is Calculated

Basis, the one-year holding period, and the stacking rule that decides whether a gain is taxed at 0%, 15% or 20% — with the 2026 brackets, the 3.8% surtax and four worked examples.

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RMD Rules and Deadlines (2026)

When required distributions start (age 73), the April 1 first-year deadline, how the amount is calculated, the 25% penalty for missing one, QCDs, and the Roth exceptions.

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How Much Will a 529 Grow in 10, 15 or 18 Years?

$300 a month from birth reaches about $116,000 by age 18 at a 6% return — $64,800 contributed and $51,400 of growth. The full table by amount, term and rate.

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Turn the strategy into a plan

Planomy turns a single number into a whole plan: a full retirement projection with taxes and Social Security, side-by-side scenarios, and plan-vs-actual tracking as real life happens. Free, private, and running in your browser.

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